IEEE Citation Guide
Copyrighted Images Reproduced in Student Course Assignments
According to the Copyright Act, in the case of:
● course work that will be submitted to Moodle for teacher evaluation and that will not be published;
● classroom presentations,
... students may reproduce, without asking permission, copyrighted images from books, publications or websites, as the fair dealing exception allows an image to be reproduced in an unpublished course assignment, provided that the reproduction is fair according to the six factors established by the Supreme Court of Canada and that the image in question is not subject to a license that expressly prohibits its reproduction, without exception.
Attention! Despite the fact that the law allows fair dealing, copyright owners may still assert their rights, particularly if the image is detected on an Internet website by intellectual property infringement detection robots.
It is therefore very important that reproduced images do not end up on public websites.
Figure, image, photograph, chart, diagram, graph, logo, drawing, etc.
Use "Table" for tables and "Figure" for all other types of images.
If you cite a figure found in a document (e.g., book, article, etc.) without inserting it in your text (that is, without reproducing it), cite the document (ex.: [1]) and optionally mention the number of the figure in the original document (ex.: [1, Fig. 3]).
Attention! Any figure (image, diagram, photo, chart, table, etc.) inserted in a text should be accompanied by a caption placed under the figure.
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Examples of captions for original figures (created by the student): |
Figure or Table Fig. 1. Example of the application of the algorithm |
Do not cite or create an entry in the reference list for a figure created by yourselves.
Attention! If the image has been created using an AI tool, mention it in the text of the document. For example, a student might write:
- I used Dall·E to create the following image (add the link to the image if a permanent link exists): ...
See also the Artificial Intelligence Tools tab.
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Examples of captions for figures reproduced from a source: |
Figure or Table Fig. 1. Example of the application of the algorithm [2] |
IMPORTANT: To use a copyrighted figure in a document (dissertation, thesis, journal article, etc.), you must first obtain permission from the copyrights holder. Cite at the end of the original caption the document in which the image has been found.
PARTICULAR CASE: If you reuse in a thesis or dissertation a figure published in an IEEE document and for which IEEE owns the copyrights, add at the end of the original caption © Year of publication of the original IEEE document (e.g.,: © 2014 IEEE) and the citation of the respective document.
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Examples of captions for IEEE figures reproduced in a dissertation or thesis: |
Figure or Table Fig. 1. Example of the application of the algorithm © 2015 IEEE [5] |
In the reference list, include the reference of the document in which the figure was found, according to its document type (ex.: article, book, etc.).
Find images
Free images that can be used without asking permission:
Find images on Google: Click on the image to enlarge it.
Cite Images
Attention! Even though you obtained permission to use an image, you still need to cite it. Also, cite the source of royalty-free images and images in the public domain.
