A data paper (data article, data note, dataset article, data original article, database article, etc.) describes a data set.
Todd A. Carpenter, Executive Director of the National Information Standards Organization (NISO), explains data peer review and highlights the trends in the publication of research data sets: What Constitutes Peer Review of Data? A Survey of Peer Review Guidelines.
More information:
Global Diversity Information Facility (GBIF). (2017). Data papers. https://www.gbif.org/data-papers
Candela, L., Castelli, D., Manghi, P., & Tani, A. (2015). Data journals: A survey. Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology, 66(9), 1747-1762. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23358